Rehabilitation of internally displaced persons

Development projects such as irrigation power, mining etc. contribute to the economic growth and human well being these infrastructure projects create employment opportunities and trigger growth in agricultural, industrial and other allied sectors.

1. these projects also cause displacement of native population.
2. Since 1950, 5 million of people have been displaced by various development projects in India.
3. Tribal communities had carried unfair share or the burden for so called national development.
4. Most of these tribal people were affected due to either construction of irrigation projects or due to mining in forest areas.
5. Until 2004, there was no broad policy that could guide the rehabilitation efforts or state sponsored projects in irrigation, power mining etc.

There are three types of displacement and magnitude

a) Disaster Related Displacement
b) Development Related Displacement
c) Conflict Induced Displacement

a) Disaster Related Displacement

Natural

1. 58.6% of the landmass is prone to earthquakes of moderate to very high intensity,
2. floods and river erosion
3. coastline is prone to cyclones and tsunamis
4. cultivable area is vulnerable to draught and avalanches

Man-made disasters

1. Fire incidents, industrial accidents
2. chemical, biological and radioactive materials
3. over-growing population
4. highrisk zones, environmental degradation, climate change

displacement precipitate the socio-economic problems or displaced persons and affect their shelter, livelihood lives tack etc

Important cases

National Human Right Commission received complaints of displacement are acted Sue-motto to readdress violations of Human Right

1. Supreme cyclone that struck the coastal districts of Orissa in act 1988.
2. Gujarat earthquake that devastated large areas of Gujarat in January 2001.
3. Tsunami, which hit the coastal India in Dec. 2004
4. Earth Quack in Jammu and Kashmir in 2005

b) Development Related Displacement

1. Mega development project like construction or domes, industries, highways and roads.
2. it is the poor people who face the consequence of such projects
3. Through NGOs or media intervention the state administration has responded.
4. More than 1.4 million people have been displaced from their ancestral land.
5. NGOs Action Aid, the Indian Social Institute the study focused on the four states of Andhra Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand and Orissa, all rich in natural resources and with a lasrge population of Indigenous tribal people.

c) Conflict Induced Displacement

1. There are over 6,00,000 conflict induced internally displaced person in India.
2. This includes ’33,362 displaced persons in kokrajhar dist.
3. and 74,123 in Gosalgaon dist. Of Assam,
4. 55,476 Kashmiri pundit families who were displace due to the conflicts in Jammu and Kashmir since 1990 and
5. about 35,000 Mizoram who were displace in 1997 and took shelter in Tripura.
6. Government Schemes and acts
   1. The disaster Management Act. 2005 A paradigm shift
   2. Land Acquisition Act 1894
   3. National Rehabilitation and Resettlement Policy 2007